摘 要

轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)是汽車底盤上的關(guān)鍵零部件。它既支撐車體重量，又傳遞轉(zhuǎn)向力矩和承受前輪剎車制動力矩。因此對其機(jī)械性能和外形結(jié)構(gòu)要求嚴(yán)格，制造難度大。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)軟硬件技術(shù)，計(jì)算機(jī)圖形學(xué)等學(xué)科的迅猛發(fā)展、CAD技術(shù)已成為產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)人員進(jìn)行研究開發(fā)的重要工具，其中的三維造型技術(shù)已被制造業(yè)廣泛應(yīng)用于產(chǎn)品及模具設(shè)計(jì)、方案評審、自動化加工制造及管理維護(hù)各個(gè)方面。
本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)以轎車四驅(qū)連接軸轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)為研究對象。根據(jù)給定的毛坯圖，對零件的幾何外形和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析以確定其成形過程中需要的成形方法。然后，以復(fù)雜零件的精聾@尚撾傅妓枷?，根据闭塞假M(fèi)鉤尚衛(wèi)礪郟岷先燃費(fèi)辜際酰攵越緯底蚪諏慵淖隕硤氐?，采用骄暤转向秸屻件抵\杖費(fèi)咕芤徊匠尚畏ǖ墓ひ鍘Ｒ訳G和DEFORMTM軟件為工具，分別進(jìn)行模具設(shè)計(jì)和對閉式擠壓工序進(jìn)行三維有限元分析，得到了成形過程中金屬的流動規(guī)律，應(yīng)力、應(yīng)變、損傷和溫度的分布情況以及最終的成型情況。
通過這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，在鞏固以前所學(xué)知識的基礎(chǔ)上，對鍛造技術(shù)、模具設(shè)計(jì)、模具制造及計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算機(jī)仿真技術(shù)等方面的知識有了進(jìn)一步的深入學(xué)習(xí)。所設(shè)計(jì)的模具能夠達(dá)到實(shí)際使用要求，為該產(chǎn)品的成功開發(fā)提供技術(shù)保證。

關(guān)鍵詞：轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)；閉塞擠壓；數(shù)值模擬；計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)


















ABSTRACT

Steering knuckle is one of the most important car key parts and a security
part. It supports the body weight, transfers steering moment and endures
braking moment of front-wheel. So the requirement of its mechanical
characteristic and contour structure is very strict. With the swift and violent development of computer hardware and software, finite element method and computer graphics, the computer aided engineering (CAE) technology based on numerical simulation is widely used in forging forming field.
The part this paper desinged is the four-drive connect axes of steering knuckle on car. According to the two-dimensional drawing model, the geometric shape and structure of the part was analysis to certain the forming method in the forming process of pars. Then, with the guidance of precision forming complex components, basing on the forming theory of obturated-extrusion, combining the technique of hot extrusion, considering the characteristics of steering knuckle, so the one-step precision obturated lateral-bend extrusion forming method are presented. The die is designing and one-step forming method is studied on three-dimensional FEM analysis by UGII and DEFORM. So the metal flow rule and the distributions of strain, stress, velocity and temperature can be obtained, so as to the finally circs of molding.
Through this graduation project, in the consolidation of previous knowledge on the basis of forging technology, tooling design, Die manufacturing and computer-aided design and computer simulation technology, and other aspects of knowledge has been further in-depth study. Die designed to achieve actual use requirements for the successful development of products providing technical assurance.

Key words：Steering knuckle; obturated-extrusion; numerical simulation;
Computer aided design









目 錄
中文摘要 Ⅰ
英文摘要 Ⅱ
1緒論. 1
1.1引言 1
1.2國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 1
1.3 課題目的及內(nèi)容 2
2成形工藝分析 4
2.1零件成形性分析 4
2.1.1 結(jié)構(gòu)及尺寸分析 4
2.1.2材料分析 6
2.2工藝分析 6
2.2.1 可成形性分析…………………………………………………………………………… 6
2.2.2 一次性閉塞擠壓成形分析…………………………………………………………………7
2.3成型參數(shù)對擠壓力的影響…………………………………………………………………… 8
2.3.1 坯料始鍛溫度的影響………………………………………………………………………８
2.3.2 模具預(yù)熱溫度的影響………………………………………………………………………８
2.3.3 摩擦條件的影響……………………………………………………………………………９
3閉塞擠壓的基礎(chǔ)理論 10
3.1閉塞擠壓的定義和分類………………………………………………………………………10
3.2閉塞擠壓成型時(shí)的變形特點(diǎn)…………………………………………………………………11
3.3閉塞擠壓的特點(diǎn) 13
4轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)模具設(shè)計(jì) 15
4.1模具設(shè)計(jì)軟件UG介紹 15
4.2 鍛件形狀及模具的設(shè)計(jì) …………………………………………………………………….. 15
4.3模具裝配圖結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………………………… 17
5 數(shù)值模擬………………………………………………………………20
5.1模具模擬軟件DEFORM介紹…………………………………………………………………… 20
5.2 剛塑性有限元增量理論的廣義變分原理…………………………………………………… 20
5.2.1 基本假設(shè)………………………………………………………………………………… 20
5.2.2 基本方程………………………………………………………………………………….20
5.2.3 剛塑性材料的變分原理………………………………………………………………… 21
5.3 剛塑性有限元求解步驟…………………………………………………………………… 22
5.4 溫度場有限元模型………………………………………………………………………… 23
5.5模擬及分析…………………………………………………………………………………..24
6總結(jié) 31
參考文獻(xiàn) 32
致謝 33