糧庫(kù)存儲(chǔ)烘干裝置的電氣設(shè)計(jì)

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摘要：我國(guó)每年因糧食變質(zhì)而造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失是驚人的。其主要原因主要是當(dāng)前糧食處理設(shè)備成本較高，新的管理手段和新的烘干存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備都無法得到充分應(yīng)用。國(guó)家為糧食儲(chǔ)藏每年支付很高的費(fèi)用，國(guó)家壓力巨大。隨著科技水平的不斷提高，新的儲(chǔ)糧技術(shù)不斷涌現(xiàn)，特別是電子技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，為研制低成本、手段先進(jìn)的糧倉(cāng)烘干儲(chǔ)藏方法提供了基礎(chǔ)。
本文所設(shè)計(jì)的是集溫度、濕度、重量檢測(cè)為一體的智能化糧庫(kù)烘干存儲(chǔ)裝置,從硬件和軟件兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，對(duì)安全儲(chǔ)糧起到非常重要的保障作用。硬件電路是以單片機(jī)為核心的數(shù)據(jù)采集和控制電路。本裝置由單片機(jī)，電動(dòng)機(jī)，紅外線處理器，AD轉(zhuǎn)換器，顯示器以及溫度、濕度、稱重傳感器組成。采用AT89C51單片機(jī)作為核心元件來設(shè)計(jì)，充分利用了單片機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)處理及實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)能力，對(duì)各糧倉(cāng)內(nèi)以及紅外線處理器中糧食的溫度、濕度、重量進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)測(cè)量。軟件編程實(shí)現(xiàn)單片機(jī)對(duì)電動(dòng)機(jī)等裝置的控制,通過檢測(cè)并確定糧食的情況來控制執(zhí)行器件如何工作，以使糧食徹底烘干并儲(chǔ)存?！?br>
關(guān)鍵詞：糧倉(cāng) 單片機(jī) 電動(dòng)機(jī)

Abstract:
There is a prodigious economic loss caused by the deterioration of the grain, the main reason of that is the grain-disposal equipment is too expensive and there are not new manage methods and new storage-drying equipments fully used. Our country is on the stress because we have a high cost in the storage of the grain every year. Along with the development of the science and technology, more and more new methods of the grain-storage come forth. Especially the development of electronic technology has made it possible for the manufacture of the new methods of the drying and storage the grain.
This text has designed an intelligent grain drying and storage equipment which can detect the temperature, the relative humidity and the weight of the grain, designed from the hardware and the software and it has made a good sense at the safely storage of the grain. The equipment is composed by SCM, electromotor, infrared processor, AD-converter, display, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, weight sensor. The design has make the SCM as the central part of the equipment, and make the best use of the data processing and real time detecting ability to detect the temperature, the humidity and the weight of every barn all the time. The software help to make the control of the electromotor etc. by the SCM possible. According to the condition of the grain, the SCM will decide in which way the executing parts work, so the grain will be dried completely.
Keywords: SCM electromotor barn

1前言
1方案設(shè)計(jì)
1.1控制方案
1．2執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)
1．3糧倉(cāng)烘干存儲(chǔ)裝置的整體構(gòu)成
2元器件選擇
2．1單片機(jī)
2．2 傳感器
2．2．1溫度傳感器
2．2．3濕度傳感器
2．2．4荷重傳感器
2．3 AD轉(zhuǎn)換器
2.4交流接觸器
2.5電磁鐵的工作原理與典型結(jié)構(gòu)
2.5熔斷器
2.5.1 熔斷器的工作原理
2、交流接觸器的選擇
2.1 接觸器的定義
2.2 接觸器的選用
2.3 本設(shè)計(jì)選擇的接觸器的介紹
3硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)
3．1單片機(jī)的最小系統(tǒng)
3．1．1單片機(jī)的時(shí)鐘
3.1.2單片機(jī)的復(fù)位電路
3．1．2/EA/VP
3.2 ADC0809與單片機(jī)接口
3.3傳感器與ADC0809的接口電路
3.4顯示器電路
3.5單片機(jī)對(duì)電動(dòng)機(jī)的控制電路
3.4電動(dòng)機(jī)的主電路
3.4.1電動(dòng)機(jī)的調(diào)速控制電路
3.4.1.1變極對(duì)數(shù)的調(diào)速控制線路設(shè)計(jì)思想
3.5計(jì)量流放口控制
3.6紅外線處理器的控制
4軟件設(shè)計(jì)
4．1AD轉(zhuǎn)換與數(shù)據(jù)處理
4．1．2程序流程圖
4．2 顯示子程序
4．2．1 BCD碼轉(zhuǎn)換與字型碼
4.2.2顯示程序
4.3 控制程序
4.3.1確定濕度等級(jí)
4.3.2控制子程序
4.3.3檢驗(yàn)
4．4程序代碼
參考文獻(xiàn)

參考文獻(xiàn)
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