隧道地質(zhì)調(diào)查中綜合物探方法的應(yīng)用研究

The research on application of comprehensive geophysical exploration in the tunnel geological investigation


 


 


摘  要

本文從以往在隧道勘察中發(fā)生的失誤或不完善，帶來嚴(yán)重的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害，造成人員傷亡及重大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失這一現(xiàn)象入手，分析得出形成上述地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的部分原因是在隧道勘察中缺少工程物探投入或工程物探工作程度不足。從而得出工程物探在隧道工程中的重要性和必要性。

根據(jù)幾年來作者在隧道工程物探的生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐和閱讀、搜集大量相關(guān)資料，經(jīng)過分析與總結(jié)得出，隧道工程物探應(yīng)用有著很強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性和適應(yīng)性。論文中用幾個(gè)應(yīng)用實(shí)例來說明：

（1）不同勘察階段（初勘、詳勘）物探工作的選用；

（2）深埋、淺埋隧道工程物探工作的選用；

（3）不同地質(zhì)條件隧道工程物探工作的選用。

最后總結(jié)歸納出隧道工程物探所需要解決的問題主要有：

（1）劃分地層（地質(zhì)分層），查明隧道通過剖面的各地層深度與厚度。

（2）查明地質(zhì)構(gòu)造，隧道軸線段有無斷層、破碎帶、軟弱層面等。

（3）查明基巖風(fēng)化程度，從而結(jié)合速度資料進(jìn)行圍巖分級(jí)。

（4）劃分洞口地層結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷洞口穩(wěn)定性。

（5）查明地下水賦存情況及其活動(dòng)動(dòng)態(tài)。

（6）其他不良地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象存在情況。

針對(duì)上述需要查明的地質(zhì)問題與計(jì)算圍巖分級(jí)情況，論文提出合理選用物探方法的原則，并統(tǒng)計(jì)了物性參數(shù)值在不同巖性中的分布范圍。得出以下研究成果：

（1）總結(jié)出各物探方法在隧道地質(zhì)調(diào)查中的作用和優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。

（2）得出不同地質(zhì)條件下和不同勘察階段，隧道工程物探方法選擇和布置的原則。

（3）根據(jù)以往工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)和事例，對(duì)常用的物性參數(shù)進(jìn)行了歸納總結(jié)，同時(shí)介紹了不同地質(zhì)條件下物探方法選擇的依據(jù)。

期望上述研究成果能為今后隧道工程物探工作起到借鑒和參考作用。


關(guān)鍵詞：物探，隧道，地質(zhì)調(diào)查


Abstract

This paper, analyzing mistakes or imperfections making serious geological disasters and causing casualties and enormous economical losses in the previous tunnel prospecting, found that these disasters are caused partly by lacking of inputs or depth of engineering geological prospecting. It proved the importance and the necessity of engineering geological prospecting in the tunnel project.

According to production practice in the tunnel engineering geological prospecting and materials from reading and collecting, the author summarized that the application of tunnel engineering geological prospecting has strong focalization and adaptability with proved by several examples in this paper. 

(1) the selection of geological prospecting in different stages（initial-prospecting, detailed-prospecting）

(2)the selection of geological prospecting in the deep-laid and   shallow-laid of tunnel project

(3)the selection of geological prospecting of tunnel projecting in  different geological conditions

Finally, the author summed up main problems needing to be solved in tunnel engineering geological prospecting as follow:

(1)differentiate stratum and find out the depth and thickness of different stratums in the tunnel section

(2)find out geological structure and existence situation of fault, broken zone and weak plane

(3)find out weathering level of bed rock to classify surrounding rock combining speed materials

(4)differentiate stratum structure of the entrance of tunnel to judge the stability of it

(5)find out existence situation and performance of ground water

(6)situations of other harmful geological phenomenon

In view of above problems and classification of surrounding

 rock, the author showed principles of rational choosing of methods in geological prospecting and counted disperse range of physical character parameter value in different petrosal character, getting achievements as follow:  

(1)summarization of effect, merits and demerits of different geological prospecting methods in the tunnel geological investigation

(2)method selection and arrangement principle of tunnel engineering geological prospecting in different geological conditions and prospecting stages

(3)According to previous experience and cases, the author concluded the 物性 parameters most in use ,and showed the basis of selecting geological prospecting methods in different geological conditions.

It is expected that above achievements can be used for reference in the tunnel engineering geological prospecting to come.


Key words: geophysical exploration, tunnel, geological investigation

 


目     錄


1 緒論 1

1.1研究的必要性 1

1.2研究內(nèi)容和技術(shù)路線 3

1.2.1常見隧道地質(zhì)災(zāi)害 3

1.2.2研究內(nèi)容 4

1.2.3擬采取的技術(shù)路線 5

1.3主要的研究成果 5

2 工程物探在隧道地質(zhì)調(diào)查中的作用 6

2.1隧道地質(zhì)調(diào)查（勘察） 6

2.1.1 隧道勘察的階段劃分 6

2.1.2隧道勘察的主要方法 7

2.1.3 隧道勘察的主要手段 10

2.2物探方法在隧道地質(zhì)調(diào)查中的優(yōu)越性 11

2.3隧道..