全球金融危機(jī)對(duì)航運(yùn)企業(yè)的影響

[摘要]：從2007年8月開(kāi)始席卷美國(guó)、歐盟和日本等世界主要金融市場(chǎng)的美國(guó)“次貸危機(jī)”逐漸對(duì)世界實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈沖擊，2008年包括中國(guó)在內(nèi)的世界主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體GDP出現(xiàn)明顯下滑。由于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的不景氣，造成各國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際的貿(mào)易量明顯下降。這直接導(dǎo)致航運(yùn)企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)困難，各航運(yùn)公司可謂是正處在一個(gè)寒冷的冬天，即便是一些大型航運(yùn)公司也面臨著嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)營(yíng)困難，有些企業(yè)甚至倒閉。反映全球航運(yùn)業(yè)情況的權(quán)威指數(shù)，波羅的海干散貨綜合運(yùn)費(fèi)指數(shù)（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)BDI指數(shù)）從2008年5月20日的歷史頂點(diǎn)11793點(diǎn)開(kāi)始一路狂瀉。在短短3個(gè)月的時(shí)間里，該指數(shù)的跌幅已經(jīng)超過(guò)了90%。2008年8月25日，BDI指數(shù)跌破1000點(diǎn)，報(bào)收982點(diǎn)，創(chuàng)下自2002年8月8日以來(lái)的新低。時(shí)至2009年的今天，BDI指數(shù)也只有2000點(diǎn)左右。從近幾個(gè)月BDI指數(shù)的大幅下跌也可以看出，此次波及全球的金融危機(jī)已經(jīng)使航運(yùn)企業(yè)利潤(rùn)空間被擠壓得所剩無(wú)幾。                          
本文的目的就是對(duì)全球金融危機(jī)對(duì)船運(yùn)公司的影響做具體的分析，并為航運(yùn)公司在金融風(fēng)暴影響下的經(jīng)營(yíng)提出具體建議。

[關(guān)鍵詞]：金融危機(jī)  航運(yùn)業(yè)  影響  經(jīng)營(yíng)策略

The global financial crisis impact on shipping companies

[Abstract]  From the beginning of August 2007 swept through the United States, the European Union and Japan, the world's major financial markets, the U.S. "sub-loan crisis" of the world gradually have a strong impact on the real economy, in 2008, including China, the world's major economies, significant decline in GDP. As a result of the downturn in the world economy, resulting in national and international trade has declined markedly. This is a direct result of difficulties in the shipping business, the shipping company can be is in a cold winter, even some large shipping companies are also faced with serious difficulties, some companies have even closed down. Reflect the situation of the global shipping industry authority index, the integrated Baltic Dry Freight Index (BDI index for short) from May 20, 2008 peak of 11,793 at the beginning of the history of the drastic deva luation of the road. 3 months in a short span of time, the decline in the index has exceeded 90%. August 25, 2008, BDI index fell below 1,000 points to close at 982 points, a record since August 8, 2002 the lowest since. In 2009 to today, BDI index is only around 2000. BDI index in recent months from the sharp decline can be seen that the global financial crisis spread to make the shipping companies have been squeezing profit margins were left.

The purpose of this paper is on the global financial crisis on the impact of shipping companies to do specific analysis, as well as shipping companies under the influence of the financial turmoil in the operation of specific proposals.

[Key words]  Financial crisis   Shipping industry    Impact   Business strategy

目 錄

引 言 1
第一章 金融危機(jī)前世界航運(yùn)業(yè)發(fā)展概況 2
1.1  海上運(yùn)輸相比其他運(yùn)輸方式的優(yōu)勢(shì) 2
1.1.1 國(guó)際貿(mào)易中常用的運(yùn)輸方式 2
1.1.2 常用運(yùn)輸方式的比較 3
1.1.3 海上運(yùn)輸相比其他運(yùn)輸方式的優(yōu)勢(shì) 4
1.2  航運(yùn)業(yè)對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的貢獻(xiàn) 4
1.2.1 航運(yùn)發(fā)展對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)作用 4
1.2.2 航運(yùn)對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的動(dòng)力作用 5
1.2.3 航運(yùn)業(yè)為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展積累了必要的財(cái)富 6
1.3 金融危機(jī)前航運(yùn)業(yè)發(fā)展 7
1.3.1 世界航運(yùn)業(yè)發(fā)展 7
1.3.2 我國(guó)航運(yùn)業(yè)發(fā)展 7
第二章 金融危機(jī)對(duì)航運(yùn)業(yè)的影響 9
2.1  金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)的原因 9
2.2  金融危機(jī)對(duì)海上貿(mào)易和航運(yùn)公司的影響 10
2.2.1 對(duì)國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)的影響 10
2.2.2 對(duì)我國(guó)航運(yùn)業(yè)的影響 10
2.3  金融危機(jī)前后的航運(yùn)業(yè)集裝箱吞吐量對(duì)比 14
2.3.1  2006年10月全國(guó)港口國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集裝箱吞吐量 14
2.3.2  2007年10月份全國(guó)港口國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集裝箱吞吐量 16
2.3.3  2008年10月全國(guó)港口國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集裝箱吞吐量 17
2.3.4  2009年1-2月份全國(guó)主要港口吐吞量同比下跌 18
第三章 當(dāng)前形式下航運(yùn)公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)策略 21
3.1   金融危機(jī)后世界貿(mào)易形式的變化 21
3.2   航運(yùn)公司的應(yīng)對(duì)策略及政策訴求 22
3.2.1 航運(yùn)公司的應(yīng)對(duì)策略 22
3.2.2 航運(yùn)公司的政策訴求 23
3.3   對(duì)未來(lái)航運(yùn)業(yè)發(fā)展的展望 24
3.3.1 降低投資者預(yù)期，擠掉航運(yùn)業(yè)市場(chǎng)泡沫 24
3.3.2 燃油物料價(jià)格齊跌，航運(yùn)成本大幅降低 24
3.3.3 行業(yè)整合重組加快，迎來(lái)并購(gòu)調(diào)整良機(jī) 25
第四章 對(duì)航運(yùn)業(yè)發(fā)展的建議 27
結(jié)束語(yǔ) 29
致謝語(yǔ) 30
參考文獻(xiàn) 31