摘  要

    近幾年來，資源三號(hào)衛(wèi)星，無人機(jī)遙感等高精度測(cè)量手段在流域的監(jiān)測(cè)一方面給流域基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)的獲取帶來新的方向，同時(shí)也給流域水文過程模擬的發(fā)展帶來新的突破，同時(shí)對(duì)水文尺度的研究也帶來了新的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。長(zhǎng)期以來，尺度問題一直是困擾水文學(xué)及地理學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)及基礎(chǔ)性問題。地理學(xué)中的空間尺度問題及水文學(xué)自身復(fù)雜的尺度問題一直都限制著水文學(xué)的發(fā)展。在水文模擬過程中，河流水系，土地利用覆蓋數(shù)據(jù)以及DEM數(shù)據(jù)是水文過程產(chǎn)生的基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)水文模擬過程有著重要的影響，本研究的目的則是探尋不同尺度的河流水系數(shù)據(jù)、LUCC數(shù)據(jù)以及DEM數(shù)據(jù)在水文模擬過程的不同影響。在總結(jié)和分析地理學(xué)及水文科學(xué)中尺度問題研究的尺度效應(yīng)，尺度轉(zhuǎn)換以及應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ)上，本研究基于高精度激光雷達(dá)點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)、資源三號(hào)衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)以及無人機(jī)遙感數(shù)據(jù)，獲取多精度的河流水系、LUCC及DEM數(shù)據(jù)，基于SWAT水文建模進(jìn)行流域多尺度水文模擬的對(duì)比分析，尋找多尺度數(shù)據(jù)在流域過程模擬的意義，試圖為小流域山洪災(zāi)害尋求最佳的尺度信息。本研究期望將地理學(xué)的尺度應(yīng)用與水文模型緊密結(jié)合，為全國(guó)山洪災(zāi)害防治項(xiàng)目提供基礎(chǔ)信息最佳尺度選擇的決策支持，提高小流域山洪災(zāi)害預(yù)報(bào)精度，減少損失。

關(guān)鍵詞： 激光雷達(dá)DEM，尺度，LUCC，SWAT,山洪災(zāi)害分析

ABSTRACT

  In recent years, the resources satellite no. 3, high precision measurement means such as uav remote sensing in monitoring on the one hand, to bring new direction of watershed based data acquisition, but also bring new breakthrough to the development of watershed hydrological process simulation, the study of hydrological scale also brings new opportunities and challenges. Has always been a big problem for a long time, scale of hydrology and geography research hot spot and the fundamental problem. In the geography space scale and the scale of the hydrology own complex problems always limits the development of hydrology. In the process of hydrological simulation, river system, land use cover data and DEM data is the basis of hydrological processes, has an important impact on hydrology simulation process, the purpose of this study is to explore the different scales of river system data, LUCC data and DEM data in different influence of the hydrological process simulation. In summary and analysis of the geography and the effect of the scale of the problem of mesoscale hydrological science research, scale transformation and application, on the basis of this study is based on high precision laser radar point cloud data, three satellite data resources and unmanned aerial vehicle (uav) remote sensing data, to obtain more accuracy of river system, LUCC and DEM data, based on the multi-scale hydrological SWAT hydrological model for watershed simulation contrast analysis, looking for the meaning of the multi-scale data in the process of basin simulation, trying to seek the best for mountain flood disaster of small watershed scale information. This research expects the application of the scale of geography closely integrated with the hydrological model, mountain torrent disaster prevention and control program to provide basic information for the optimal scale selection decision support, improve the forecast accuracy of mountain torrent disaster of small watershed, reduce the loss. 

Key words: sediment；rigid vegetation；settling velocity；turb