單片機搶答器畢業(yè)論文


摘  要

隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，促使人們學(xué)科學(xué)、學(xué)技術(shù)、學(xué)知識的手段多種多樣。搶答器作為一種工具，已廣泛應(yīng)用于各種智力和知識競賽場合。但搶答器的使用頻率較低，且有的要么制作復(fù)雜，要么可靠性低，減少興致。做為一個單位若專購一臺搶答器雖然在經(jīng)濟上可以承受，但每年使用的次數(shù)極少，往往因長期存放使（電子器件的）搶答器損壞，再購置的麻煩和及時性就會影響活動的開展,因此設(shè)計了本搶答器。
本設(shè)計是以六路搶答為基本理念?？紤]到依需設(shè)定限時回答的功能，利用AT89C51單片機及外圍接口實現(xiàn)的搶答系統(tǒng)，利用單片機的定時器/計數(shù)器定時和記數(shù)的原理，將軟、硬件有機地結(jié)合起來，使得系統(tǒng)能夠正確地進行計時，同時使數(shù)碼管能夠正確地顯示時間。用開關(guān)做鍵盤輸出，揚聲器發(fā)生提示。同時系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)：在搶答中，只有開始后搶答才有效，如果在開始搶答前搶答為無效；搶答限定時間和回答問題的時間可在1-99s設(shè)定；可以顯示是哪位選手有效搶答和無效搶答，正確按鍵后有音樂提示；搶答時間和回答問題時間倒記時顯示，滿時后系統(tǒng)計時自動復(fù)位及主控強制復(fù)位；按鍵鎖定，在有效狀態(tài)下，按鍵無效非法。

關(guān)鍵詞： AT89C51； LED數(shù)碼管； 搶答器； 計時； 報警

ABSTRACT

With the continuous development of science and technology, promote learning science, science and technology, knowledge of the variety of means. With a tool for Qiangda, which has been widely used in all kinds of intelligence and knowledge contests occasions. But Qiangda is used for lower frequency, and some production complex or low reliability, and reduced interest. As a unit, if the purchase is a Qiangda .Although the economy can bear, each year the number is extremely small, because of the long-term storage (electronic devices) Qiangda for damage to the purchase of the trouble and timeliness of activities, The development will be affected, so this Qiangda is designed .
This design is six road Qiangda as the basic concept.By taking into account the need for seting time and limiting to answer the function, which uses AT89C51 microcontroller and external interface of Qiangda system, and uses SCM timer / counter timing and the number of mind Principle, the software and hardware organically combined, which could allow the right to conduct time, while the digital display to the correct time. Switching with the keyboard output, speakers in tips. At the same time, system can be realized .In Qiang da and which only begins after the Qiangda only effective, if at the beginning of Qiangda before Qiangda invalid; Qiangda limited time to answer questions and the time can be set in the 1-99 s; players who can show that it is effective and Qiangda Qiang da invalid, right after the music keys tips; Qiangda time to time and answer questions Dao Ji shi, over time, the system automatically reset control and mandatory reduction; keys locked in an active state, the key is invalid illegal.

Key words: AT89C51; alphanumeric display; Qiangda; time; alarm

目    錄

摘 要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1 緒 論 1
1.1 課題研究的相關(guān)背景 1
1.2 選題的目的和意義 1
1.3 課題研究的內(nèi)容 2
1.4 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.5 搶答器目前存在的主要問題 3
2 搶答器的系統(tǒng)概述 4
2.1 系統(tǒng)的主要功能 4
2.2 系統(tǒng)需求分析 5
2.3 搶答器的工作流程 5
2.4 搶答器的工作過程 7
2.5 器件選型方案及詳細清單 7
2.6 AT89C51特殊功能寄存器 7
2.7 AT89C51的功能及簡介 8
2.7.1 89系列單片機的概況 8
2.7.2 AT89C51單片機的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)圖 10
2.7.3 各類型單片機的比較分析 11
2.7.4 AT89C51單片機 12
2.8 搶答器的優(yōu)點及組成 13
2.9 本章小結(jié) 13
3 系統(tǒng)總體方案的設(shè)計 15
3.1 硬件電路的設(shè)計 15
3.2 總體原理圖 16
3.3 時鐘頻率電路的設(shè)計 17
3.4 復(fù)位電路的設(shè)計 17
3.5 顯示電路的設(shè)計 18
3.5.1 顯示模塊在系統(tǒng)軟件中的安排 18
3.6 鍵盤掃描電路的設(shè)計 21
3.6.1 鍵盤抖動的軟件處理 22
3.7 發(fā)聲 22
3.8 系統(tǒng)復(fù)位 22
3.9 本章小結(jié) 25
4 軟件設(shè)計 26
4.1 主程序系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)圖 26
4.2 軟件任務(wù)分析 26
4.3 程序流程圖 27
4.4 主要程序分析 27
4.5 本章小結(jié) 37
5 PROTEUS仿真 38
5.1系統(tǒng)仿真圖 38
5.2本章小結(jié) 40
6 總結(jié)與展望 41
6.1 總結(jié) 41
6.2 展望 41
致謝 43
參考文獻 44