摘 要
當(dāng)今汽車行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)十分激烈，整車廠商的利潤(rùn)逐漸下滑，如何有效地降低成本提高利潤(rùn)，在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中立于不敗之地，值得深思。汽車行業(yè)中零部件采購(gòu)成本約占整車生產(chǎn)成本的60%左右， 因此，研究如何降低汽車零部件采購(gòu)成本顯得十分必要。聯(lián)合采購(gòu)?fù)ㄟ^(guò)規(guī)模效益，可以有效地降低采購(gòu)成本。本文對(duì)聯(lián)合采購(gòu)在汽車行業(yè)零部件采購(gòu)中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行深入的探討，主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下：
（1）在界定聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的概念，闡述聯(lián)合采購(gòu)作用以及基本模式的基礎(chǔ)上，從宏觀與微觀兩方面總結(jié)了實(shí)施聯(lián)合采購(gòu)所需要的條件，在此基礎(chǔ)上深入分析了聯(lián)合采購(gòu)在汽車行業(yè)零部件采購(gòu)中的可行性。通過(guò)對(duì)零部件采供特點(diǎn)及采購(gòu)趨勢(shì)的分析，得出聯(lián)合采購(gòu)將會(huì)成為未來(lái)的一種趨勢(shì)，并將汽車行業(yè)已經(jīng)具備的條件與聯(lián)合采購(gòu)所需要的條件相對(duì)照，論證了汽車零部件進(jìn)行聯(lián)合采購(gòu)是可行的。
（2）構(gòu)架了汽車零部件實(shí)施聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的過(guò)程模型。通過(guò)對(duì)汽車零部件進(jìn)程分類分析，確定了適合聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的零部件，并針對(duì)需要進(jìn)行聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的零部件來(lái)選擇合作伙伴，進(jìn)而確定了聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的范圍；制定了整車生產(chǎn)企業(yè)采購(gòu)訂單流程，通過(guò)合并訂單實(shí)行聯(lián)合采購(gòu)，并對(duì)訂單的執(zhí)行進(jìn)行跟蹤管理；設(shè)計(jì)了汽車零部件聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的運(yùn)作流程；利用績(jī)效差距分析法對(duì)聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的實(shí)施效果進(jìn)行了評(píng)估；最后對(duì)客車制造業(yè)聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的實(shí)例進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要分析，證實(shí)了聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的功效。
（3）構(gòu)建了合作伙伴的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，分別采用基于熵的TOPSIS法和綜合選擇法對(duì)聯(lián)盟成員伙伴與供應(yīng)商選擇進(jìn)行研究；利用基于Shapley值法的綜合因子修正法對(duì)聯(lián)合采購(gòu)聯(lián)盟成員的利益進(jìn)行了合理分配。

關(guān)鍵詞 汽車零部件；聯(lián)合采購(gòu)；采購(gòu)聯(lián)盟；合作伙伴；利益分配
Abstract
At present, there is a very furious competition in auto industry, auto manufacturers’ profits are also sliding gradually. So, it deserves us making a brown study on how to reduce the cost effectively and improve profit quickly to help auto manufacturer make an indefectible station in competition. In auto line, purchasing cost of auto parts occupies about 60% of the total cost in vehicle manufacturing. Therefore, it is indispensable to study on how to reduce the cost of auto parts purchasing. Joint purchasing can reduce purchasing cost effectively by using scale-benefit. This paper focuses on the application of joint purchasing in auto parts as follows:
(1) On the base of defining conception of joint purchasing and expatiating function and model of joint purchasing, the paper summarizes the conditions of executing joint purchasing macroscopically and microcosmically. Then we make a deep analysis of feasibility of joint purchasing in parts purchasing of auto industry. Through the analysis of the characteristics and the trend of auto parts purchasing, the paper makes a conclusion that the joint purchasing is becoming the future trend. It is demonstrated that the joint purchasing for auto parts is feasible through comparing the conditions required between auto industry and joint purchasing.
(2) It designs an operational model of auto parts joint purchasing. Through the analysis of the classification of automobile components, we obtained that some automobile parts fit for joint purchasing. We determine the joint purchasing scope and choose cooperative partners in the light of the auto parts which needed to purchase with joint purchasing. The paper formulates the vehicle produce enterprise purchasing order process; through unite orders, then executing joint purchase order. At last, we track and manage the implement situation of joint purchasing. It designs the auto parts joint purchasing operate process. The paper uses the performance gap analysis to eva luate the effects of execution of the joint purchasing. At last, it demonstrated that joint purchasing is useful through a simple analysis of an example of joint purchasing in passenger car.
(3) The paper constructs value index system of cooperate partners. It adopts TOPSIS method based on entropy to select alliance member and uses synthetic select method to choose auto parts supplier. In order to make a sensible benefit assignment for alliance members, we use a method which is called synthetic factors modify that based on Shapley.

Key words auto parts; joint purchasing; purchasing consortia; cooperative partner; benefit assignment
目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 緒論 1
1.1研究的背景及意義 1
1.1.1研究背景 1
1.1.2研究意義 1
1.2國(guó)內(nèi)、外研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.1汽車零部件采購(gòu)的研究 2
1.2.2聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的研究 4
1.2.3汽車零部件聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的研究 7
1.3研究?jī)?nèi)容、方法及創(chuàng)新點(diǎn) 7
第2章 聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的概念、作用及條件 9
2.1聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的概念 9
2.1.1 采購(gòu)的概念 9
2.1.2 聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的概念 11
2.2聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的作用 12
2.3聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的基本模式 13
2.4聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的條件 14
2.4.1 宏觀條件 14
2.4.2 微觀條件 15
2.5 本章小結(jié) 16
第3章 汽車零部件聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的可行性 17
3.1 汽車零部件的采供特點(diǎn) 17
3.1.1 汽車零部件的定義 17
3.1.2 汽車零部件的采供特點(diǎn) 18
3.1.3 汽車零部件的采購(gòu)趨勢(shì) 20
3.2 汽車行業(yè)具備零部件聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的條件 21
3.2.1 外部條件 21
3.2.2 內(nèi)部條件 22
3.3 本章小結(jié) 23
第4章 汽車零部件聯(lián)合采購(gòu)的實(shí)施 24
4.1 確定應(yīng)用范圍 24
4.1.1 選擇適當(dāng)零部件 24
4.1.2 選擇合作伙伴 25
4.2 設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)作方案 26
4.2.1 制定采購(gòu)訂單 26 -br..