包括設(shè)計說明書，設(shè)計圖紙和前期資料

畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書中文摘要
　　　
　　　本設(shè)計在論述機加工軸類零件測量技術(shù)對產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量影響的基礎(chǔ)上，闡明了公差測量技術(shù)的重要性及研制公差測量儀的重要意義。針對目前突出的大尺寸軸類零件形位誤差檢測問題，通過分析國內(nèi)外圓度儀和圓柱度儀的研究現(xiàn)狀，論證了開發(fā)大尺寸軸類零件形位誤差測量儀的重要性及重要意義 。
    本設(shè)計根據(jù)被測軸類零件的自身特點，首先進行了測量儀總體結(jié)構(gòu)方案設(shè)計，給出了大尺寸軸類零件形位誤差測量儀由上位機(PC)，單片機、步進電機、超聲波傳感器和夾緊裝置五大部分的組成。然后分別對各個組成部分進行了具體的分析、選擇和計算，在此基礎(chǔ)上完成了測量儀控制系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計、軟件設(shè)計以及用最小二乘法進行數(shù)據(jù)處理的方法。通過軟件編程，實驗?zāi)M驗證，PC機能夠?qū)ο挛粰C傳送的數(shù)據(jù)進行自動處理，計算出工件的行狀位置誤差。
　　　通過軟件編程，實驗?zāi)M驗證，PC機能夠?qū)ο挛粰C傳送的數(shù)據(jù)進行自動處理，計算出軸的形位誤差。
    關(guān)鍵詞:大型軸類零件；光柵傳感器；形位誤差；誤差分析

畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計 外 文 摘 要

Title：Large shaft line bit error measurement instrument
Abstract
　　It is important to develop the instrument for measuring the form and location deviation of big mdimension shaft part by discussing the influence of measuring technique toproduct quality. In recent years it becomes more and more rigorous to shaft parts's hapeerror, especially to the big size shaft part. It is necessary and meaning to develop the instrument, which is verified by analyzing the present condition and the prospec of the roundness and the cylindricity domestic andabroad. It is acritical guarantee of products quality for workpieces with big dimension. In order to solve the problem that a n ew instrument is designed in this article.
　　The integrated construction-project is firstly designed and illustratrated through analyzing character of the gauged axis with a big dimension. It is made up of PC、Single Chip、Stepping Motor、Supersonics Sensor and the Clamp Set. And then，each part is analyzed，selected and computed in detail.The designing for hardware and software is finished and the least square method for the calculation of roundness cylindricity is applied.
　　It has been verified through the experiment that the transferred data from the Single Chip can be handled auto matically. The value for roundness cylindricity of the big size shaft part can be gained too.
　　
　　Keywords:the large size shaft part；Grating sensorr；oundness cylindricity；tolerance analysis

目  錄

1  緒論 1
1.1軸類形位誤差測量概述 1
1.2形位測量技術(shù)國內(nèi)外的發(fā)展情況 2
1.3形位測量技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢 3
1.4 本課題研究的目的意義 4
1.5 本課題的主要研究內(nèi)容 4
2  測量儀的誤差測量原理 5
2.1圓度誤差的評定方法 5
2.2圓度誤差的測量方法 7
3  測量儀的機械系統(tǒng)組成 8
3.1工作時間的分配 8
3.2橫向進給機構(gòu)設(shè)計 8
3.3橫向支撐 11
3.4進給電機的選擇 11
3.5減速器的選擇 14
3.6進給絲杠的選擇及校核 15
3.7軸承類型的選擇 17
4  傳感器的選擇 19
5  測量儀控制電路設(shè)計 22
5.1 控制機的選擇和外部電路設(shè)計 22
5.2單片機晶振電路 24
5.3單片機系統(tǒng)干擾來源 24
5.4系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控復(fù)位電路 25
6  測量儀的驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 28
6.1步進電機的控制 28
6.2步進電機的輸入信號接口及接口電路 28
6.3 PC機和單片機通信接口電路設(shè)計 30
6.4 系統(tǒng)電路總圖 31
7   測量儀的控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 32
7.1 單片機控制程序設(shè)計 32
7.2數(shù)據(jù)的發(fā)送 32
7.3 數(shù)據(jù)的發(fā)送 33
7.4單片機程序設(shè)計 33
7.5 PC機控制程序設(shè)計 34
7.6 控制流程圖 34
8   測量儀的安裝、使用和維護 37
8.1測量儀的安裝方法 37
8.2測量儀的使用注意事項 37
8.3測量儀的維護和調(diào)試 37
9   測量儀誤差分析 38
結(jié)論 39
致謝 41
參考文獻(xiàn) 42