論文外文翻譯，附帶原文《DBMS簡(jiǎn)介》，《Introduction to DBMS》

DBMS簡(jiǎn)介
數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)是編程系統(tǒng)中的重要的一種，現(xiàn)今可以用在最大以及最小的電腦上。其他重要
形式的系統(tǒng)軟件，比如匯編以及操作系統(tǒng)，近些年來開發(fā)出一系列容易理解的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)原則
，并且這些概念既有助于理解如何有效利用系統(tǒng)，以可以幫助設(shè)計(jì)和執(zhí)行DBMS系統(tǒng)。DBMS是一
程序的集合，它使你能夠存儲(chǔ)、修改以及從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中提了提取信息。有很多種不同類型的DBMS
系統(tǒng)，從運(yùn)行在個(gè)人電腦上的小型系統(tǒng)到運(yùn)行在大型主機(jī)上的巨型系統(tǒng)。
DBMS的功能
有兩種功能使數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)區(qū)別于其他設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)：
管理固有數(shù)據(jù)的能力，以及
高效訪問大量數(shù)據(jù)的能力
第一點(diǎn)只是表明現(xiàn)有一個(gè)固定存在的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，而這些數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的內(nèi)容也就是DBMS所要訪問和管
理的那些數(shù)據(jù)。第二點(diǎn)將DBMS和同樣能管理固有數(shù)據(jù)的文件系統(tǒng)區(qū)分開來。通常在數(shù)據(jù)非常大的
時(shí)候還需要用到DBMS系統(tǒng)的功能，因?yàn)閷?duì)于小量數(shù)據(jù)而言，簡(jiǎn)單的訪問技術(shù)如對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的線性掃
就足夠了。

Introduction to DBMS
A database management system (DBMS) is an important type of programming system, used today on the biggest and the smallest computers As for other major forms of system software, such as compilers and operating systems, a well-understood set of principles for database management systems has developed over the years, and these concepts are useful both for understanding how to use these systems effectively and for designing and implementing DBMS is a collection of programs that enables you to store, modify, and extract information from a database.. There are different types of DBMS, ranging from small systems that run on personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes. The following are the location of database between application programs and end-users.
There are two qualities that distinguish database management systems form other sores of programming systems.
1) The ability to manage persistent data
2) The ability to access large amounts of data efficiently.
Point 1) merely states that there is a database, which exists permanently; the contents of this database the data that a DBMS accesses and manage. Point 2) distinguishes a DBMS from a file system, which also manages persistent data.
A DBMS is capabilities are needed most when the amount of data is very large, because for small amounts of data, simple access techniques, such as linear scans of the data, are usually adequate.
While we regard the above two properties of a DBMS as fundament, there are a number of other capabilities that are almost universally found in commercial DBMS. These are: