摘 要
艦船電力系統(tǒng)在實(shí)際運(yùn)行中，由于戰(zhàn)斗損耗、操作失誤或設(shè)備故障等問題，可能使系統(tǒng)處于非正常狀態(tài)，嚴(yán)重威脅艦船電力系統(tǒng)可靠運(yùn)行。因此，在艦船建造初期合理規(guī)劃艦船電能管理方案，使其既滿足電力系統(tǒng)安全經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行，又滿足未來供電負(fù)荷增長需求；同時(shí)，在實(shí)際運(yùn)行中檢測(cè)和控制艦船區(qū)域配電系統(tǒng)的電能，對(duì)保障艦船安全運(yùn)行都是非常有必要的。
本文提出了一種基于艦船電力系統(tǒng)的潮流分析算法，利用該算法在電力系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃時(shí)可以有效進(jìn)行艦船配電網(wǎng)電能管理和分析；同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于DSP(數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器)的適合用于船舶環(huán)境下的電能管理系統(tǒng)，利用DSP芯片強(qiáng)大的數(shù)據(jù)處理和智能控制功能進(jìn)行區(qū)域配電網(wǎng)的電能管理，為艦船電力系統(tǒng)電能管理提供可靠的依據(jù)和方法。
借鑒用于配電網(wǎng)絡(luò)三相潮流計(jì)算的前推回代方法，建立了適合艦船電力系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn)的三相潮流計(jì)算模型和方法。首先根據(jù)艦船電力系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，建立了船用配網(wǎng)各種元件的相域模型，對(duì)饋線、變壓器、電容器、發(fā)電機(jī)等元件全部采用三相模型。在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)用于配電網(wǎng)絡(luò)的前推回代潮流計(jì)算方法進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)，使之能處理PV節(jié)點(diǎn)問題，同時(shí)能夠處理三相變壓器模型。對(duì)于艦船電力系統(tǒng)可能存在的少環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)運(yùn)行方式，給出了一種基于疊加原理的少環(huán)配電網(wǎng)絡(luò)三相潮流計(jì)算方法。通過疊加原理將配電網(wǎng)絡(luò)分解為兩個(gè)容易求解的純輻射型網(wǎng)絡(luò)和純環(huán)狀網(wǎng)絡(luò)，兩種網(wǎng)絡(luò)的求解結(jié)果疊加并迭代求取整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的三相潮流。本文利用一個(gè)典型的艦船電力系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)算，給出了計(jì)算結(jié)果。結(jié)果表明，所提出的算法能夠適用于艦船電力系統(tǒng)的潮流分析，并具有迭代次數(shù)少，計(jì)算速度快的特點(diǎn)。
根據(jù)艦船電力系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)了適用于區(qū)域配電系統(tǒng)的電能管理系統(tǒng)的軟硬件。硬件設(shè)計(jì)包括濾波電路、信號(hào)調(diào)理電路、光耦隔離電路、A/D采樣電路、控制電路、CAN通信接口電路和DSP最小系統(tǒng)等；軟件設(shè)計(jì)包括程序初始化、A/D采樣程序、數(shù)據(jù)處理算法程序、CAN通信接口程序、上位機(jī)人機(jī)界面等。考慮到船舶電網(wǎng)和陸上電網(wǎng)的不同點(diǎn)，著重加強(qiáng)了系統(tǒng)的抗干擾設(shè)計(jì)和數(shù)據(jù)通信穩(wěn)定性的設(shè)計(jì)，最后在船舶電站實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行軟硬件聯(lián)調(diào)測(cè)試，獲得測(cè)試結(jié)果。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，本文提出的潮流算法能快速高效的分析和管理艦船電力系統(tǒng)的電能走向，本電能管理系統(tǒng)具有很高的測(cè)量控制性，通信穩(wěn)定、可靠，有良好的應(yīng)用前景。

關(guān)鍵詞 艦船電力系統(tǒng)；電能管理；潮流計(jì)算；區(qū)域配電







Abstract
In actual operation, due to fighting corruption, operational errors or equipment failures and other problems, the ships’ power system may be running on non-normal states, which seriously threaten the system stability and reliable operation. At the same time as the increased use of pulsed power systems, will also affect the stability of the ships’ power system operation. Thus, in the early stages of the manufacture of ships, rational planning of ship energy management program, to make the program both to meet the safe operation of power systems, but also to meet future electricity load growth needs; meanwhile, detecting and controling the power of the ships' power system, and to ensure the safe operation of ships. These are very necessary for he safe operations of ships’ power system.
This thesis presents a flow analysis algorithm which based on the ships’ power system, the thesis also deals mainly with a power management system which based on DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and suited for shipboard environment. With the powerful data processing and intelligent function chip, the system can manage the power of the regional power system extremely well. So it can provide accurate proof in testing shipboard power management.
A modified forward/backward sweep algorithm for shipboard power system load flow calculation is proposed in this thesis, which is derived from the traditional three-phase backward/forward power flow method for distribution network. Firstly, three-phase models for shipboard power system elements are established according to the features of SPS. Based on this, the backward/forward power flow method for radial distribution network is extended in order to deal with PV node and transformer model. For weakly meshed distribution network, a new three-phase power flow method based on the superposition principle is presented. The weakly meshed network is firstly divided into two networks using the superposition principle: one is the pure radial network and another is the pure meshed network. Three-phase power flow is solved separately on both the networks. The solutions are superposed together, and the final power flow solution is obtained by repeating to solve the power flow of the two networks. The presented method is tested by a typical shipboard power system, and the power flow solution is given. The results indicate that the proposed method is effective.
According to the characteristics of ships’power system, designing the hardware and software of energy management system for the regional distribution system. The hardware design includes filter circuit, signal conditioning circuit, optocopler isolation circuit, A/D sampling circuit control circuit, CAN communication circuit and DSP minimum system. The software design includes the initialization program, A/D sampling program, data processing algorithm program, CAN communication program and man-machine interface program. Taking into account the differences between the ship power grid and land powe..