從亞文化角度分析美國俚語特征



摘  要

俚語是一種在非正式場合下使用非常廣泛的口語形式。它來源于美國社會的各亞文化群體，包括黑社會、流氓團伙、無業(yè)游民、同性戀者、吸毒者、妓女、賭徒囚犯,所以美國俚語都帶著亞文化群體的烙印。本文根據(jù)美國社會各亞文化群體所使用的語言特征來分析整個美國的俚語特征。美國各亞文化群體豐富了美國俚語詞匯，因此美國俚語詞匯也保留了各亞文化群體特征。通過比較和分析，美國俚語作為美國英語重要的組成部分，具有立意新奇、幽默生動、富有形象性、易于表達情感、言簡意賅等特征。

關鍵詞：亞文化；美國俚語；俚語特征

I

Abstract

   Slang, as a highly colloquial form, is widely used in informal occasion. American slang originates from the subculture groups, including jobless vagrants, soldiers, sailors, detective, criminals and etc. Therefore, American slang is characterized by subculture groups. This paper tries to analyze the features of American slang from sub-cultural perspective. American sub-cultural groups have developed, enlarged and enriched American slang vocabulary. As a result, American slang terms are left with distinct sub-cultural features. By comparing and analyzing, as an important part of American English, slang terms are characterized by its creativeness, humor, irony, expressiveness, liveliness, brevity and obscurity.

Key words: subculture groups; American slang; features

II

CONTENTS

摘要 I 

Abstract II

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

Chapter 2 American Slang and American Subculture 4

2.1 American Slang as an Insight into American Culture 4

2.2 The Relationship Between English Slang and Standard English 6

2.3 The Relationship Between Slang and Subculture Groups 8

Chapter 3 Subculture Groups’ Slang and Their Features 10

3.1 College Slang and Its Features 10

3.2 Criminal Slang and Its Features 13

3.3 Political Slang and Its Features 15

3.4 Homosexual Slang and Its Features 17

Chapter 4 Features of American Slang 19

4.1 Brevity and Liveliness 19

4.2 Novelty and Fashion 19

4.3 Humor and Irony 20

Chapter 5 Conclusion 22

Bibliography 24

Acknowledgements 25