基于Skill-Free手動(dòng)控制模塊的更容易、更安全的無(wú)人機(jī)的發(fā)展(外文翻譯)
Development of Skill-Free Manual Control Module for Easy and Safe Flight of UAV

包含中文翻譯和英文原文，內(nèi)容詳細(xì)完整，建議下載參考！

中文：1200 字
英文：3880 字符


介紹
在過(guò)去的十年中，UAV（無(wú)人機(jī)）作為空中遙感工具在軍事上和民用上都受到了很大的關(guān)注。無(wú)人機(jī)的典型任務(wù)是對(duì)危險(xiǎn)或是災(zāi)害受災(zāi)面積進(jìn)行監(jiān)視和圖像數(shù)據(jù)采集。JAXA（日本宇宙航空研究開(kāi)發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)）推出了一個(gè)名為安全鳥(niǎo)的無(wú)人機(jī)災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)，其中一個(gè)飛船和小型固定翼飛機(jī)一起互補(bǔ)操作。雖然SAFE-BIRD項(xiàng)目仍處于試驗(yàn)和實(shí)驗(yàn)的階段,這也有望在實(shí)際情況下成為自主的監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)。本項(xiàng)目詳細(xì)背景資料和操作方案，請(qǐng)參閱參考。SAFE-BIRD所要求的獨(dú)特特征是：①安全飛行不會(huì)造成二次事故，尤其是在人口密集地區(qū)。②容易操作，不需要經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的R/C飛行員。本文中將會(huì)展示一個(gè)約為4kg的簡(jiǎn)單安全飛行的迷你固定翼型無(wú)人機(jī)控制模塊手冊(cè)模型的設(shè)計(jì)、開(kāi)發(fā)、演示過(guò)程。
無(wú)人機(jī)的操作方式取決于飛機(jī)的尺寸和結(jié)構(gòu)。在傳統(tǒng)的固定翼飛機(jī)情況下，一旦無(wú)人機(jī)在空中發(fā)射，飛行控制權(quán)主要轉(zhuǎn)移到無(wú)人機(jī)的自動(dòng)駕駛儀上。另一方面，在回收階段，有必要將飛行控制權(quán)收回到控制飛行員的手中。原因是僅依靠GPS導(dǎo)航的自動(dòng)接近和著陸，可能有較大的位置誤差。為了安全降落在有限的開(kāi)放空間，如建筑物的屋頂、學(xué)校領(lǐng)域等等，更精確導(dǎo)航是必要的。在這種情況下，由自動(dòng)駕駛儀切換到飛行員是通過(guò)所謂的R/C相稱系統(tǒng)手冊(cè)，利用人的眼睛和手的靈巧度達(dá)到更準(zhǔn)確的著陸。但問(wèn)題是，使用R/C比例系統(tǒng)手動(dòng)控制飛行需要更多的R/C系統(tǒng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。由于我們探尋的是一個(gè)面向一般用戶的普遍系統(tǒng)，如游戲手柄易于使用的無(wú)人機(jī)控制器是必須的，這可以更快地增加小型無(wú)人機(jī)的民用市場(chǎng) ......




During the last decade, UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) has received much attention as a remote sensing tool in the sky not only for military application but also for civil use. Typical missions of UAV are surveillance and image data acquisition over dangerous and/or disaster damaged area. JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) has launched a disaster monitoring UAV system development called SAFE-BIRD (SAFE =Smart Autonomous Flying Eye), in which both an airship and mini fixed wing aircrafts are operated together complementary to each other. Although SAFE-BIRD project is still in trial and experimental phase, that is expected to become autonomous eyes in the sky working in the real circumstances. For detailed background information on this project and for operation scenarios, see the reference. The distinctive features required for SAFE-BIRD are ①flight safety causing no secondary accident especially on the populated area, and ②easy operability that needs no experienced R/C pilot. In this paper, design, development, demonstration process will be shown for a safe and easy manual flight control module for a prototype mini fixed wing UAV weighs around 4 kg.
The way of operating UAV depends on the size and the configuration of the aircraft. In the case of conventional fixed wing aircraft, once an UAV is launched in the sky, flight authority is mainly shifted to an autopilot onboard. On the other hand, in the recovery phase, it is necessary to delegate the flight authority back to a manual pilot. The reason is that automatic approach and landing by only GPS based guidance may have large position errors. For safe landing within limited open space such as rooftops of buildings, school fields, and so on, more accurate guidance should be necessary. In this case, the autopilot is switched to the manual pilot with the so-called R/C proportional system, and tries to achieve more accurate landing using human eyes and manual dexterity. The problem is that manual flight control using ......