步進(jìn)電機(jī)[外文翻譯]

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簡(jiǎn)介
步進(jìn)電機(jī)是一種能夠精確的控制運(yùn)動(dòng)和位置的特種電機(jī)。正如它的名稱(chēng)所描述的一樣，步進(jìn)電機(jī)不是以連續(xù)的方式旋轉(zhuǎn)，而是每輸送給步進(jìn)電機(jī)的固定繞組一個(gè)脈沖，步進(jìn)電機(jī)就運(yùn)行一步。根據(jù)這樣的設(shè)計(jì)，步進(jìn)電機(jī)可以以每步90°、45°、18°的方式運(yùn)行，甚至可以每輸入一個(gè)脈沖，步進(jìn)電機(jī)運(yùn)行幾分之一度。通過(guò)改變給定脈沖的速率，我們可以使步進(jìn)電機(jī)運(yùn)行的很慢，每秒運(yùn)行一次，也可以使步進(jìn)電機(jī)以4000轉(zhuǎn)/分的速度高速運(yùn)行。
根據(jù)輸送給步進(jìn)電機(jī)的繞組的脈沖順序，可以使步進(jìn)電機(jī)按順時(shí)針?lè)较蚧蚰鏁r(shí)針?lè)较蛐D(zhuǎn)。
步進(jìn)電機(jī)的運(yùn)行方式取決于其驅(qū)動(dòng)電源的工作方式。驅(qū)動(dòng)電源產(chǎn)生的脈沖序列被微處理器輪流初始化，脈沖序列被計(jì)數(shù)并且保存，順時(shí)針?lè)较虻拿}沖序列為正（+）而逆時(shí)針?lè)较虻拿}沖序列為負(fù)（－）。因此，步進(jìn)電機(jī)的運(yùn)行步數(shù)總是能夠精確的得知。這樣就使步進(jìn)電機(jī)步數(shù)的變化精確到每一步。這樣的特性使得步進(jìn)電機(jī)被用于需要精確定位的工業(yè)儀器、X—Y坐標(biāo)儀、打字機(jī)和打印機(jī)等。
在這一章里，我們將介紹大部分步進(jìn)電機(jī)的運(yùn)行原理，以及它們的特性和限制。我們也會(huì)討論用來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)這些步進(jìn)電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)電源 ......




introduction
stepper motors are special motors that are used when motion and position have to be precisely controlled. As their name implied, stepper motors rotate in discrete steps, eath step corresponding to a pulse that is supplied to one of its stator windings. Depending on its design, a stepper motor can advance by 90, 45, 18, or by as little as a fraction of a degree per pulse. By varying the pulse rate, the motor can be made to advance very slowly, one step at a time, or to rotate stepwise at speeds as high as 4000 r/min.
stepper motors can turn clockwise or counter clockwise, depending upon the sequence of the pulses that are applied to the windings.
The behavior of a stepper motor depends greatly upon the power ssupply that drives it. The power supply generates the pulses, which in turn are usually initiated by a microprocessor. The pulses are counter and stored, clockwise (cw) pulses being(+) while counterclockwise (ccw) pulses are (-) .As a result, the net number of steps is known exactly at all times. It follows that the number of revolutions is always precisely known to an accuracy of one step. This permits the motor to be used as a precise positioning device in machine tools, X-Y plotters, typewriters, tapedecks, valves,and printer ......