基于食品冷鏈的果蔬類(lèi)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的安全問(wèn)題研究【文獻(xiàn)綜述+外文翻譯+開(kāi)題報(bào)告+任務(wù)書(shū)+論文+實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告】

目  錄

1 緒論 ................................................................... 3
2 基本概念 ............................................................... 3
   2.1 現(xiàn)代物流 .......................................................... 3
   2.2 生鮮農(nóng)產(chǎn)品 ........................................................ 3
   2.3 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品物流 ........................................................ 4
   2.4 食品供應(yīng)鏈管理 .................................................... 4
   2.5 冷鏈及冷鏈管理 .................................................... 4
      2.5.1 冷鏈 ......................................................... 4
      2.5.2 冷鏈管理 ..................................................... 5
      2.5.3 食品冷鏈物流 ................................................. 5
      2.5.4 果蔬冷鏈物流 ................................................. 5
   2.6 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全 .................................................... 5
   2.7 食品可追溯系統(tǒng) .................................................... 6
3 果蔬特性及果蔬冷鏈特點(diǎn) ................................................. 7
3.1 果蔬特性 .......................................................... 7
3.1.1 果蔬的特殊商品屬性 ........................................... 7
3.1.2 鮮活性和易腐性 ............................................... 7
3.1.3 時(shí)效性和地域性 ............................................... 8
3.1.4 品種多數(shù)量大 ................................................. 8
3.2 果蔬冷鏈特點(diǎn) ...................................................... 8
3.2.1 不可分割性 ................................................... 8
3.2.2 速度快 ....................................................... 9
3.2.3 復(fù)雜性 ....................................................... 9
3.2.4 不確定性 ..................................................... 9
3.2.5 要求高難度大 ................................................ 10
3.2.6 投資大成本高 ................................................ 11
4 果蔬物流中冷鏈技術(shù)組成及結(jié)構(gòu)層次分析 .................................. 11
4.1 果蔬物流中應(yīng)用的冷鏈技術(shù)組成 ..................................... 11
4.1.1 果蔬物流鏈上的技術(shù)組成 ...................................... 11
4.1.2 果蔬冷鏈技術(shù)所涉及的技術(shù)領(lǐng)域 ................................ 12
4.2 果蔬流通各環(huán)節(jié)中應(yīng)用的冷鏈技術(shù) ................................... 12
4.2.1 果蔬物流在產(chǎn)地應(yīng)用的冷鏈技術(shù) ................................ 12
4.2.2 果蔬物流在加工包裝過(guò)程應(yīng)用的冷鏈技術(shù) ........................ 13
4.2.3 果蔬物流在儲(chǔ)存運(yùn)輸中應(yīng)用的冷鏈技術(shù) .......................... 13
4.2.4 果蔬物流在銷(xiāo)地應(yīng)用的冷鏈技術(shù) ................................ 14
4.3 果蔬物流中冷鏈物流技術(shù)的結(jié)構(gòu)層次 ................................. 14
4.3.1 果蔬物流中冷鏈技術(shù)的組合 .................................... 15
4.3.2 每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的技術(shù)問(wèn)題體現(xiàn)層次性 .............................. 15
5 果蔬安全保障措施的建立及其實(shí)施方法 .................................... 16
5.1 果蔬的貯藏過(guò)程中的問(wèn)題與對(duì)策 ..................................... 16
5.1.1 產(chǎn)品結(jié)冰 .................................................... 16
5.1.2 生鮮產(chǎn)品萎凋，蘋(píng)果類(lèi)產(chǎn)品表面發(fā)皺 ............................. 16
5.1.3 某些產(chǎn)品表面潮濕或發(fā)汗 ...................................... 16
5.1.4 果蔬類(lèi)提早成熟、變色 ........................................ 16
5.1.5 生鮮產(chǎn)品有異味 .............................................. 17
5.1.6 生鮮產(chǎn)品腐爛 ................................................ 17
5.2 推廣全程冷鏈物流 ................................................. 17
5.3 運(yùn)用HACCP體系監(jiān)測(cè)冷鏈物流 ....................................... 17
5.3.1 HACCP體系的基本原理 ......................................... 17
5.3.2 運(yùn)用HACCP體系監(jiān)測(cè)冷鏈物流的步驟 ............................ 18
5.4 運(yùn)用可追溯體系追蹤................................................ 19
結(jié)論 .................................................................... 22
謝辭 .................................................................... 23
參考文獻(xiàn) ................................................................ 24

摘要：改革開(kāi)放以后，農(nóng)村的經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量也有上升趨勢(shì)。在生產(chǎn)技術(shù)不斷提高的今天，農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題點(diǎn)已經(jīng)不在于種植和加工，而是轉(zhuǎn)移到流通領(lǐng)域。農(nóng)產(chǎn)品物流環(huán)節(jié)多、物流渠道不順暢、管理水平低下、貯藏和運(yùn)輸條件落后都是不利于農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的。為了避免農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通效率低、成本高、損耗嚴(yán)重等因素，為了不使這些因素影響農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的流通，解決這些問(wèn)題勢(shì)在必行，發(fā)展好農(nóng)產(chǎn)品冷鏈物流十分重要。再加上，人們對(duì)食品安全問(wèn)題的關(guān)注日益增加，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的安全是人們最關(guān)心的一部分。本文以果蔬為例，作為冷鏈物流的研究對(duì)象，以文獻(xiàn)研究的方法，加上物流和食品兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域的交叉結(jié)合研究，對(duì)果蔬冷鏈物流的組成和發(fā)展進(jìn)行了客觀的分析和深入的思考。通過(guò)分析果蔬及果蔬冷鏈的特點(diǎn)，找出果蔬冷鏈中容易產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題，并對(duì)這些問(wèn)題提出對(duì)策，有利于果蔬安全。果蔬的鮮活性、時(shí)效性等因素制約了果蔬冷鏈不能像其他供應(yīng)鏈那樣容易發(fā)展，同時(shí)又對(duì)其安全問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了挑戰(zhàn)。通過(guò)HACCP和果蔬的追溯體系來(lái)使得整條冷鏈更完善，并通過(guò)對(duì)冷鏈的監(jiān)控和相關(guān)信息的記錄來(lái)保障果蔬質(zhì)量。
關(guān)鍵字：果蔬；冷鏈；食品安全

Based on food cold chain of the safety of fruits and vegetables
Abstacts：After reform and opening, there is rapid economic development in rural areas, and agricultural products on the rise.  Today, with the continuous improvement of the production technology, the key issue of the agricultural development is not planting and processing, but transferred to the circulation.  Agricultural logistics has many links, the logistics channel is not smooth, low level management, and the backwardness of storage and transportation conditions are not conducive to agricultural products.  In order to avoid the low efficiency, high cost and a serious loss, and in order not to affect the agricultural products circulation of these factors, it is imperative to solve the problems and it is important to develop the agricultural cold chain.  In addition, there is increasing concerned about food safety and the safety of agricultural is the people are most concerned about.  In this paper, I make the fruits and vegetables as the research object of cold chain.  With the research methods of literature and the crossover study of two areas of logistics and food, I have an object analysis and in-depth thinking of the composition and development of fruits and vegetables’ cold chain.  By analyzing the characteristics of fruits and vegetables and the cold chain, to identify susceptible to problems of the cold chain and propose a solution of these problems that will be Conducive to fruit and vegetable safety.  The freshness and timeliness of fruits and vegetables can restrict the cold chain not to develop as easily as other supply chain, while there is a challenge to its security issues.  Through HACCP and traceability, the cold chain will be better.  Besides, through monitoring the cold chain and recording relevant information, we can protect the quality of the fruits and vegetables.
Key words：Fruits and Vegetables; Cold Chain; Food Safety