摘 要

混合動(dòng)力汽車的突出優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一是能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)再生制動(dòng)(能量回饋制動(dòng))，即在車輛減速或制動(dòng)過程中，在保證車輛車輛制動(dòng)性能的條件下，將車輛的動(dòng)能或位能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能存儲(chǔ)雜電池中實(shí)現(xiàn)能量回收，同時(shí)產(chǎn)生車輛所需的制動(dòng)力，既實(shí)現(xiàn)了車輛的減速和制動(dòng)，又有效降低了整車的燃油消耗和污染物的排放。
本文在學(xué)習(xí)了并聯(lián)混合動(dòng)力汽車的結(jié)構(gòu)和再生制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的工作機(jī)理后，建立了基于蓄電池充電效率模型、蓄電池溫升模型以及電機(jī)效率模型。提出了以滿足ECE法規(guī)為前提，以混合動(dòng)力汽車再生制動(dòng)能量回收最大為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)的一種有效的再生制動(dòng)優(yōu)化策略：以車輛減速和制動(dòng)過程中駕駛員需求制動(dòng)力與ECE法規(guī)規(guī)定的最大制動(dòng)界限和空載時(shí)I曲線的關(guān)系為制動(dòng)力控制策略，利用Matlab軟件中的fmincon函數(shù)對(duì)在一定電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速范圍內(nèi)、一定需求功率范圍內(nèi)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩、回收到電池中的功率做了瞬時(shí)優(yōu)化，得出了蓄電池不同SOC、不同溫度下的優(yōu)化結(jié)果，并分析了SOC、溫度以及電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速對(duì)優(yōu)化結(jié)果的影響。


關(guān)鍵詞：混合動(dòng)力汽車，再生制動(dòng)，控制策略，優(yōu)化


















ABSTRACT

Regenerative braking(energy recovery braking) is one of key advantages of HEV,which has a direct impact on fuel economy,emission and vehicle security.When HEV is braking,regenerative braking system will make the motor become a generator for generating electricity through the power train system and supplying the whole braking forces or partial braking forces at the same time.Finally,electric energy is saved into the battery pack.Regenerative braking not only relizes the braking and deceleration,but also recovers the kinetic energy.
Based on the study of parallel connected Hybrid Electric Vehicle structure and the mechanism of regenerative braking system, this paper builds the charging efficiency model, temperature model of battery and efficiency model of generator and proposes an effective optimal control strategy which aims to maximize the regenerative energy recovery of Hybrid Electric Vehicles under the premise of ECE rules. Based on the braking control strategy of relationship between driver’s braking force demand during deceleration and braking and the maximum braking force limit and I curve of empty vehicle according to the ECE rule, this strategy makes use of fmincon function in Matlab software to instantaneously optimize the generator torque and recovered power packed in the battery under certain range of generator rotate speed and demand power. Through this, the strategy elicits the optimized results of storage battery under different SOC and different temperature, and it also analyzes how SOC, temperature and generator rotate speed influences the optimized results.


Key Words: HEV, regenerative braking, control strategy,optimize










目 錄
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
1 緒論 1
1.1 混合動(dòng)力汽車概述 1
1.1.1 混合動(dòng)力汽車的定義 1
1.1.2 混合動(dòng)力汽車的分類及特點(diǎn) 1
1.2 國內(nèi)外混合動(dòng)力汽車的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.1 混合動(dòng)力汽車的研究背景 2
1.2.2 混合動(dòng)力汽車國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 3
1.3 混合動(dòng)力汽車再生制動(dòng) 4
1.3.1 再生制動(dòng)的基本原理 4
1.3.2 混合動(dòng)力技術(shù)的國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 5
1.4 課題任務(wù)、重點(diǎn)研究內(nèi)容 5
1.4.1 課題任務(wù) 5
1.4.2 重點(diǎn)研究內(nèi)容 5
2 并聯(lián)混合動(dòng)力汽車模型分析 7
2.1并聯(lián)混合動(dòng)力汽車的結(jié)構(gòu)分析 7
2.1.1 混合動(dòng)力汽車結(jié)構(gòu)分析 7
2.1.2 混合動(dòng)力汽車制動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)分析 8
2.2 并聯(lián)混合動(dòng)力汽車制動(dòng)過程分析 9
2.2.1 混合動(dòng)力汽車勻速下坡受力分析 9
2.2.2 根據(jù)制動(dòng)踏板位置計(jì)算需求制動(dòng)力 10
2.3 蓄電池的計(jì)算模型 10
2.4 電機(jī)模型分析 12
3 混合動(dòng)力汽車制動(dòng)控制策略 14
3.1 并聯(lián)混合動(dòng)力汽車參數(shù)的確定 14
3.2并聯(lián)混合動(dòng)力汽車制動(dòng)力分配 14
3.3 I曲線和最大制動(dòng)距離界限的選擇 15
3.4 混合動(dòng)力汽車制動(dòng)控制策略 16
3.4.1 關(guān)于制動(dòng)控制策略中z的計(jì)算 16
3.4.2 混合動(dòng)力汽車制動(dòng)控制策略 16
4 混合動(dòng)力汽車再生制動(dòng)瞬時(shí)優(yōu)化控制 20
4.1 混合動(dòng)力汽車再生制動(dòng)瞬時(shí)優(yōu)化函數(shù) 20
4.2 序列二次規(guī)劃法（SQP） 20
4.3 利用fmincon編寫優(yōu)化程序 21
4.4 瞬時(shí)優(yōu)化結(jié)果和結(jié)果分析 21
4.4.1 瞬時(shí)優(yōu)化結(jié)果 21
4.4.2 優(yōu)化結(jié)果分析 27
5 結(jié)論 29
致謝 30
參考文獻(xiàn) 31
附 錄 32