摘 要

旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械在機(jī)械裝備中占有舉足輕重的地位，它們大多為生產(chǎn)企業(yè)中的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備，因此，保證旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械的安全可靠運(yùn)行對(duì)企業(yè)和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)有重要的意義。本課題“旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械運(yùn)行狀態(tài)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)系統(tǒng)”是設(shè)計(jì)一種針對(duì)高等院校機(jī)械類(lèi)學(xué)科設(shè)計(jì)的教學(xué)儀器，可模擬旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械升降速瞬態(tài)過(guò)程及穩(wěn)態(tài)運(yùn)行工況的振動(dòng)狀態(tài)。測(cè)試系統(tǒng)可實(shí)時(shí)進(jìn)行振動(dòng)、轉(zhuǎn)速的測(cè)量及顯示，可模擬多種常見(jiàn)的旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械故障并進(jìn)行故障特征分析。
本文給出了整個(gè)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的硬件組成、軟件設(shè)計(jì)流程, 還介紹了測(cè)試系統(tǒng)部分功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。采用傳感器技術(shù)、數(shù)據(jù)采集、信號(hào)處理和故障特征分析對(duì)旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器的運(yùn)行進(jìn)行模擬和數(shù)據(jù)分析。主要內(nèi)容包括信號(hào)的采集、數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)和分析的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)，講述了各種功能模塊的設(shè)計(jì)。論文詳細(xì)介紹了基于LabVIEW的虛擬振動(dòng)測(cè)試與分析系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程，介紹了LabVIEW下強(qiáng)大的數(shù)據(jù)處理和分析功能和智能化用戶(hù)交互界面設(shè)計(jì)，開(kāi)發(fā)了LabVIEW環(huán)境下虛擬動(dòng)平衡測(cè)試、分析、計(jì)算系統(tǒng)。


關(guān)鍵詞：旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械，虛擬儀器，轉(zhuǎn)子實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)，數(shù)據(jù)采集, LabVIEW















ABSTRACT

Rotating machinery takes up the major part in all machinery equipments and plays an important role in industry enterprises. It is very important to ensure the running safety of rotating machinery for both enterprises and our society. In order to salve the problem that process of fault diagnosis is too complex, this dissertation design a fault diagnosis visualization system of rotating machinery. This topic is to design a experimental table for enginery teaching in the university, which can simulate movements of rotating machinery and the vibration on condition that the status of steady-state operation. This system can test and show both the vibration and rotating speed, it also can simulate varieties of common fault of rotating machinery and analysis the features.
The hardware and the design flow of the software for the whole measuring system is presented , and this paper also introduced how to realize part of the functions of the measuring system. The project, using sensor technique, data acquisition(DAQ), signal processing, fault diagnosis and network transmission technique, realize functions of on-line monitoring and data analysis. The solution to the system of remote real-time condition monitoring is put forward in the thesis. It contends not only the research for signal acquisition and signal conditioning, but also the structural design and realization for data transmission, condition monitoring data storage and analysis. Virtual rotating machinery balance system based on LabVIEW is developed. Vibration signal analyses system and intelligent man-machine interface based on LabVIEW are developed in the thesis.


Key words： Rotating Machinery, Virtual Instrument Visualization, Multi-functional Rotor Test-rig, Data Acquisition, LabVIEW

目 錄

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
目錄 III
1緒論 1
1.1 問(wèn)題的提出 1
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2
1.3 本系統(tǒng)的工程意義 4
1.4 重點(diǎn)研究?jī)?nèi)容 4
2 系統(tǒng)的方案設(shè)計(jì) 5
2.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的體系概述 5
2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的基本要求 5
2.2.1硬件設(shè)計(jì)集成的基本要求 5
2.2.2軟件設(shè)計(jì)的基本要求 6
2.3 利用虛擬儀器技術(shù) 7
2.3.1虛擬儀器系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成 7
2.3.2 虛擬儀器的幾種集成 8
2.4 轉(zhuǎn)子試驗(yàn)臺(tái)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 9
2.4.1系統(tǒng)的總體方案 9
2.4.2 硬件系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介 10
2.5 轉(zhuǎn)子試驗(yàn)臺(tái)測(cè)控系統(tǒng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu) 14
3 轉(zhuǎn)子試驗(yàn)臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)采集 15
3.1 轉(zhuǎn)子試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的傳感器選用 15
3.1.1傳感器選用原則 15
3.1.2 課題選用的傳感器 16
3.1.3 傳感器的標(biāo)定 18
3.2 轉(zhuǎn)子試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的數(shù)據(jù)采集與信號(hào)處理 18
3.2.1概述 18
3.2.2 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換 19
3.2.3 噪聲處理和信號(hào)濾波 20
3.3 轉(zhuǎn)子試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的控制 21
3.3.1電源控制 21
3.3.2 轉(zhuǎn)速的控制 21
4 系統(tǒng)的軟件開(kāi)發(fā) 23
4.1 虛擬儀器與LabVIEW 23
4.2 軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工具的選擇 24
4.2.1 LabVIEW的選用 24
4.2.2 LabVIEW程序的組成 24
4.2.3 LabVIEW的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 26
4.3 軟件的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能 27
4.3.1 LabVIEW的軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu) 27
4.3.2 轉(zhuǎn)子試驗(yàn)臺(tái)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的軟件層次 27
4.3.3軟件的總體設(shè)計(jì) 28
5 信號(hào)分析 29
5.1 信號(hào)分類(lèi) 29
5.2 信號(hào)的預(yù)處理 29
5.3 信號(hào)的時(shí)域分析 31
5.4 信號(hào)的頻域分析 32
6 結(jié)論 35
參考文獻(xiàn) 36
致謝 38